Los planes para la reducción del riesgo de desastres desde la perspectiva de género: una herramienta para su análisis, diseño y evaluación
- Lydia C González-Orta Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9850-2775
- María Teresa Alonso Moro Universidad de Oviedo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0324-9827
- Virginia Cocina Díaz Universidad de Oviedo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0523-2615
- Sandra Dema Moreno Universidad de Oviedo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1845-5962
Resumen
Introducción: El desarrollo de planes para la reducción del riesgo de desastres (RRD) tiene como objetivo identificar, controlar y disminuir los factores que incrementan la vulnerabilidad de una población frente a un desastre. Sin embargo, la literatura especializada sobre género y desastres plantea un abordaje ineficiente de las desigualdades de género en los planes para la RRD, en particular, cuando estas interseccionan con ejes de vulnerabilidad como la clase social, la etnia y/o raza y la edad, entre otros. Objetivo: En este artículo se ha diseñado una herramienta metodológica que pueda emplearse para analizar de forma sistemática hasta qué punto se han tenido en cuenta las cuestiones de género e interseccionales en el contenido de los planes ya existentes y, que también permita formular planes de RRD desde tales perspectivas. Metodología: Para el diseño de dicha herramienta se han tenido en cuenta tanto el contenido como los silencios en estos ámbitos del principal acuerdo sobre la RRD a escala internacional, el Marco de Sendai, así como once de los planes de gestión del riesgo de desastre desarrollados en el territorio español. Asimismo, se ha inspirado en los hallazgos alcanzados por la literatura científica sobre género y desastres. Este proceso ha sido llevado a cabo por un grupo internacional de ocho expertas en género y desastres. Resultados y originalidad de la propuesta: Se ha creado una matriz que integra las perspectivas de género e interseccional de forma transversal en las fases del desastre y en las diferentes fases del ciclo de las políticas públicas de reducción del riesgo de desastres. La herramienta propuesta facilita el análisis, diseño y evaluación de políticas de reducción del riesgo de desastres, siendo adaptable a diferentes contextos geopolíticos.
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